Bushcraft Survival Debris Shelter

Native American Tipi History

The word 'tipi' comes from the Lakota language and is made up of two elements: thi, which means 'to dwell in' and pi, which means 'they dwell'.

Tipis were used by most (but not all) Indians of the great plains as the tipi is highly durable and mobile, easily broken down and packed away quickly when a tribe needed to move camp in pursuit of more fertile land, warmer climates and buffalo.

Buffalo were indispensable to the Native Americans. They provided them with food (meat) tools, clothes, weapons (buffalo hide shields and strings for the bow) and the skins of many buffaloes were needed to cover the fifteen foot tipi poles.

Although there was an abundance of buffalo (prior to the 19th century bison hunts) there was very little wood on the great plains and the Indians would often travel many hundreds of miles in search of straight poles to erect their tipis. Three poles were lashed together to form a tripod and then additional, lighter, poles were added around it two or more feet apart. The shape of the Sioux tipi is not a perfect cone and is slightly longer at the front than at the back. The poles would always be positioned so that when the cover is in place the entrance faces away from the prevailing winds and towards the rise of the morning sun.

To make the cover, fifteen or more skins (preferably from buffalo killed in the spring when their skins were thought to be thinnest) were stitched together with buffalo sinews under the watchful eye of an elder. The smoke flaps at the top were sewn on by a woman with a cheerful good nature; never a shrew.

The 'dew' cloth or inner liner was then hung inside the tipi and provided an insulated airspace that drew smoke up through the flaps. The inner liner was often painted with the designs inspired by the dreams and visions experienced by the owners. Painting also served the purpose of warding off bad spirits and brought protection to the dwellers.

The Indian women of the tribe were responsible for the construction and ownership of the tipi. They chose the campsite, erected and took down the tipis and chose how the tipis were furnished and arranged around the heart of the tipi; the fire. Used for warmth and for cooking, fire also held a spiritual significance as it was symbolic of purification and transformation.

Cool in the summer and warmed by the fire in the winter the tipi is a truly magical place with an overwhelming connection to the past. Born from the herds of buffalo of the great plains the tipi truly is the home of the hunter.

The author has lived in tipis on and off the past 5 years. He has spent the last three making and hiring tipis. His latest project is the teaching of traditional bushcraft skills.

Please visit:

http://www.tipirent.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Joseph_Pannell

Natural Shelters

Often, you'll find it easier and more rewarding to spend time looking for a natural shelter rather than building one of your own. Look for caves, crvices, rocks on the side of hills away from the wind, fallen trees and large trees with low-hanging branches.

There are some places best avoided. Stay away from low ground if you can: these areas get cold and damp at night. Thick undergrowth is often infested with insects; check for snakes, scorpions, spiders and other pests. And wherever you settle, make sure there's nothing loose above that can fall on you in a storm.

No matter where you find yourself, remember that the effect on your morale of having a place tp 'come home to', even if it's only a lean-to made out of brush wood, could mean the difference between life and death. Your will to live is what will really keep you alive, and anything that strengthens it is another stroke in your favour.